Саг хугасаа хуудаһанай эхэ кодые хаража байна

{{Хэмжэгдэхүүн
| name = Саг
| image = [[File:MontreGousset001.jpg|200px]]
| caption = Халааһанай саг
| symbols = <math>T, t</math>
| unit = [[секунда]]
}}
{{Һунгадаг механика}}
'''Саг хугасаа''' үнгэрһэн, модоо, ерээдүй<ref>"Newton did for time what the Greek geometers did for space, idealized it into an exactly measurable dimension." ''About Time: Einstein's Unfinished Revolution'', Paul Davies, p. 31, Simon & Schuster, 1996, ISBN 978-0684818221
</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/time |title=Oxford Dictionaries:Time |quote=the indefinite continued progress of existence and events in the past, present, and future regarded as a whole |year=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |accessdate=2011-12-18 |archivedate=2012-07-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120704084938/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/time }}</ref><ref name=DefRefs02/><ref>
{{Cite journal | url=http://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=time | title=Time | work=The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language | edition=Fourth | publisher=Houghton Mifflin Company | year=2011 | quote=A nonspatial continuum in which events occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. | postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}}}
</ref><ref>
[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/time Merriam-Webster Dictionary] the measured or measurable period during which an action, process, or condition exists or continues : duration; a nonspatial continuum which is measured in terms of events that succeed one another from past through present to future
</ref><ref>
Compact [[Oxford English Dictionary]] A limited stretch or space of continued existence, as the interval between two successive events or acts, or the period through which an action, condition, or state continues. (1971)
</ref> гэһэн гурбан хэмжээсэтэй байха ба тэдэгээрэй хоорондо үрнэжэ бай үйлэ ябадалай үргэлжэлхэ хугасаанай хэмжүүр болодог.<ref name=DefRefs02/><ref name=DefRefs01/><ref name=Poidevin>
{{cite encyclopedia
|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2004/entries/time-experience
|title=The Experience and Perception of Time
|last=Le Poidevin
|first=Robin
|year=Winter 2004
|encyclopedia=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
|editor=Edward N. Zalta
|accessdate=2011-04-09}}
</ref> Эртэһээ нааша саг хугасаанай тухай ойлголтонь шажан болоод [[шэнжэлхэ ухаан]]ай гол шухала һэдэб асуудалай нэгэ байһанаар ерэһэн болоод бүхыл һалбарида хэрэглэхэдэ тохиромжотой байдалаар тодорхойложо ерэһэн болобошье [[эрдэмтэн|эрдэмтэд]] үнэндээ тодорхойлжо шадаагүйл байна. Тиимэ болобошье [[бизнес]], [[үйлэдбэрилэл]], [[спорт]], [[шэнжэлхэ ухаан]] мүн уралигай һалбаринуудта өөр өөрын гэһэн саг хугасаа хэмжэхэ системые хэрэглэдэг. Гэхэдээ зарим энгиин эргэлзээгүй тодорхойлолтонууд байдаг “саг хугасаанай нэгэ эгшэндэ бүхы зүйл гансал удаа тохёолдодог” “саг хугасаае сагаар хэмжэдэг” гэхэ мэтэ.<ref name=DefRefs02>
* {{cite web |url=http://www.yourdictionary.com/time |title=Webster's New World College Dictionary |year=2010 |quote=1.indefinite, unlimited duration in which things are considered as happening in the past, present, or future; every moment there has ever been or ever will be… a system of measuring duration 2.the period between two events or during which something exists, happens, or acts; measured or measurable interval |accessdate=2011-04-09}}
* {{cite web |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/time?r=66 |title=The American Heritage Stedman's Medical Dictionary @dictionary.com |year=2002 |quote=A duration or relation of events expressed in terms of past, present, and future, and measured in units such as minutes, hours, days, months, or years. |accessdate=2011-04-09}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.collinslanguage.com/results.aspx?context=3&reversed=False&action=define&homonym=-1&text=time |title=Collins Language.com |publisher=HarperCollins |year=2011 |quote=1. The continuous passage of existence in which events pass from a state of potentiality in the future, through the present, to a state of finality in the past. 2. ''physics'' a quantity measuring duration, usually with reference to a periodic process such as the rotation of the earth or the vibration of electromagnetic radiation emitted from certain atoms. In classical mechanics, time is absolute in the sense that the time of an event is independent of the observer. According to the theory of relativity it depends on the observer's frame of reference. Time is considered as a fourth coordinate required, along with three spatial coordinates, to specify an event. |accessdate=2011-12-18}}
* {{cite web |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/time?r=66 |title=The American Heritage Science Dictionary @dictionary.com |year=2002 |quote=1. A continuous, measurable quantity in which events occur in a sequence proceeding from the past through the present to the future. 2a. An interval separating two points of this quantity; a duration. 2b. A system or reference frame in which such intervals are measured or such quantities are calculated. |accessdate=2011-04-09}}
* {{cite web |url=http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/Time.html |title=Eric Weisstein's World of Science |year=2007 |quote=A quantity used to specify the order in which events occurred and measure the amount by which one event preceded or followed another. In special relativity, ct (where c is the speed of light and t is time), plays the role of a fourth dimension. |accessdate=2011-04-09}}
</ref><ref name=DefRefs01>
* {{cite web |url=http://www.iep.utm.edu/time/ |title=Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy |year=2010 |quote=Time is what clocks measure. We use time to place events in sequence one after the other, and we use time to compare how long events last... Among philosophers of physics, the most popular short answer to the question "What is physical time?" is that it is not a substance or object but rather a special system of relations among instantaneous events. This working definition is offered by Adolf Grünbaum who applies the contemporary mathematical theory of continuity to physical processes, and he says time is a linear continuum of instants and is a distinguished one-dimensional sub-space of four-dimensional spacetime. |accessdate=2011-04-09}}
* {{cite web |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/time?r=66 |title=Dictionary.com Unabridged, based on Random House Dictionary |year=2010 |quote=1. the system of those sequential relations that any event has to any other, as past, present, or future; indefinite and continuous duration regarded as that in which events succeed one another.... 3. (sometimes initial capital letter) a system or method of measuring or reckoning the passage of time: mean time; apparent time; Greenwich Time. 4. a limited period or interval, as between two successive events: a long time.... 14. a particular or definite point in time, as indicated by a clock: What time is it? ... 18. an indefinite, frequently prolonged period or duration in the future: Time will tell if what we have done here today was right. |accessdate=2011-04-09}}
* {{cite book | url=http://books.google.com/?id=HrHvAAAAMAAJ&q=%22time+is+what+clocks+measure%22&dq=%22time+is+what+clocks+measure%22 | title=Physics
| first1=Donald G. | last1=Ivey | first2=J.N.P. |last2=Hume
| volume=1 | page=65 | year=1974
| publisher=Ronald Press
| quote=Our operational definition of time is that time is what clocks measure.}}
</ref><ref name="Poidevin"/><ref name=Poidevin/><ref>
{{cite book
|last=Carrol, Sean
| first=Chapter One, Section Two, Plume, 2010
| title=From Eternity to Here
| isbn=978-0452296541
| quote=As human beings we 'feel' the passage of time.}}
</ref><ref name=lehar>
Lehar, Steve. (2000). [http://cns-alumni.bu.edu/~slehar/webstuff/consc1/consc1.html The Function of Conscious Experience: An Analogical Paradigm of Perception and Behavior], ''Consciousness and Cognition''.
</ref><ref name=Carroll2009>
{{cite book
|url=http://books.google.com/?id=Uak1wtcXrjwC
|title=From Eternity to Here: The Quest for the Ultimate Theory of Time
|author=Sean M Carroll |year=2009 |publisher=Dutton
|isbn=978-0-525-95133-9 }}
</ref><ref>
Adam Frank, ''Cosmology and Culture at the Twilight of the Big Bang'', "the time we imagined from the cosmos and the time we imagined into the human experience turn out to be woven so tightly together that we have lost the ability to see each of them for what it is." p. xv, Free Press, 2011, ISBN 978-1439169599
</ref><ref>
St. Augustine, ''Confessions'', Simon & Brown, 2012, ISBN 978-1613823262
</ref>

Олон алдартай философууд, [[гүн ухаантан]]уудай дунда саг хугасаанай тухай хоёр илгаатай үзэл баримталал байдаг. Нэгэниинь “саг хугасаа бол оршолон [[юртэмсэ|юртэмсын]] бүтэсын үндэһэн хэһэг болоод бэе дааһан зүйл юм”. [[Исаак Ньютон]] энэ үзэлтэй һанал ниилэдэг байһан болоод заримдаа “Ньютоной саг хугасаа” гэжэ нэрэлдэг байгаа.<ref name=Rynasiewicz>
{{cite web
|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/newton-stm/
|title=Newton's Views on Space, Time, and Motion
|date=12 August 2004
|first=Robert : Johns Hopkins University
|last=Rynasiewicz
|publisher=Stanford University
|work=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
|quote=Newton did not regard space and time as genuine substances (as are, paradigmatically, bodies and minds), but rather as real entities with their own manner of existence as necessitated by God's existence... To paraphrase: Absolute, true, and mathematical time, from its own nature, passes equably without relation to anything external, and thus without reference to any change or way of measuring of time (e.g., the hour, day, month, or year).
|accessdate=2012-02-05}}
</ref><ref name=Markosian >
{{cite encyclopedia
|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/time/#3
|last=Markosian
|first=Ned
|title=Time
|encyclopedia=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2002 Edition)
|editor=Edward N. Zalta
|quote=The opposing view, normally referred to either as “Platonism with Respect to Time” or as “Absolutism with Respect to Time,” has been defended by Plato, Newton, and others. On this view, time is like an empty container into which events may be placed; but it is a container that exists independently of whether or not anything is placed in it.
|accessdate=2011-09-23}}
</ref>
Үүнэй эсэргүү үзэл һанаань “саг хугасаа бол ямар нэгэн үйлэ ябадал, объектһоо хамааралтай зүйл бэшэ, ямар нэгэн зүйлын урасхал баһа бэшэ болоод харин үйлэ ябадалые жэшэжэ харисуулжа дэһэ дараалалда оруулжа байдаг хүнэй оюун ухаан сэдьхэхын бүтэсэ (оронзай ба тоо дугаартай хамта) юм” гэһэн байдаг. [[Готтфрид Лайбниц]]<ref name=Burnham>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.iep.utm.edu/leib-met/#H7
|title=Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716) Metaphysics&nbsp;– 7. Space, Time, and Indiscernibles
|first=Douglas : Staffordshire University
|last=Burnham
|year=2006
|work=The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
|quote=First of all, Leibniz finds the idea that space and time might be substances or substance-like absurd (see, for example, "Correspondence with Clarke," Leibniz's Fourth Paper, §8ff). In short, an empty space would be a substance with no properties; it will be a substance that even God cannot modify or destroy.... That is, space and time are internal or intrinsic features of the complete concepts of things, not extrinsic.... Leibniz's view has two major implications. First, there is no absolute location in either space or time; location is always the situation of an object or event relative to other objects and events. Second, space and time are not in themselves real (that is, not substances). Space and time are, rather, ideal. Space and time are just metaphysically illegitimate ways of perceiving certain virtual relations between substances. They are phenomena or, strictly speaking, illusions (although they are illusions that are well-founded upon the internal properties of substances).... It is sometimes convenient to think of space and time as something "out there," over and above the entities and their relations to each other, but this convenience must not be confused with reality. Space is nothing but the order of co-existent objects; time nothing but the order of successive events. This is usually called a relational theory of space and time.
|accessdate=2011-04-09}}
</ref> ба [[Иммануил Кант]]ын<ref name=Mattey>{{cite web
|url=http://www-philosophy.ucdavis.edu/mattey/kant/TIMELEC.HTM
|title=Critique of Pure Reason, Lecture notes: Philosophy 175 UC Davis
|date=22 January 1997
|last=Mattey
|first=G. J. : UC Davis
|quote=What is correct in the Leibnizian view was its anti-metaphysical stance. Space and time do not exist in and of themselves, but in some sense are the product of the way we represent things. The[y] are ideal, though not in the sense in which Leibniz thought they are ideal (figments of the imagination). The ideality of space is its mind-dependence: it is only a condition of sensibility.... Kant concluded "absolute space is not an object of outer sensation; it is rather a fundamental concept which first of all makes possible all such outer sensation."...Much of the argumentation pertaining to space is applicable, mutatis mutandis, to time, so I will not rehearse the arguments. As space is the form of outer intuition, so time is the form of inner intuition.... Kant claimed that time is real, it is "the real form of inner intuition."
|accessdate=2011-04-09
|archivedate=2005-03-14
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050314201600/http://www-philosophy.ucdavis.edu/mattey/kant/TIMELEC.HTM
}}</ref><ref name=McCormick>
{{cite web
|title=Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) Metaphysics: 4. Kant's Transcendental Idealism
|url=http://www.iep.utm.edu/kantmeta/#H4
|work=The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
|first=Matt : California State University, Sacramento
|last=McCormick
|year=2006
|quote=Time, Kant argues, is also necessary as a form or condition of our intuitions of objects. The idea of time itself cannot be gathered from experience because succession and simultaneity of objects, the phenomena that would indicate the passage of time, would be impossible to represent if we did not already possess the capacity to represent objects in time.... Another way to put the point is to say that the fact that the mind of the knower makes the ''a priori'' contribution does not mean that space and time or the categories are mere figments of the imagination. Kant is an empirical realist about the world we experience; we can know objects as they appear to us. He gives a robust defense of science and the study of the natural world from his argument about the mind's role in making nature. All discursive, rational beings must conceive of the physical world as spatially and temporally unified, he argues.
|accessdate=2011-04-09}}
</ref> энэ хоёрдохи үзэл һанаанай дагуу саг хугасаа бол ямар нэгэн үйлэ ябадал бэшэ мүн ямар нэгэн зүйл бэшэ, тиимэһээ энэнь хэмжэжэ болохогүй, аялжа болохогүй зүйл юм.

Саг хугасаа бол [[СИ|Олон уласай нэгэжын системын]] үндэһэн долоон [[физикэ]] хэмжүүрэй нэгэн юм. Саг хугасаагаар бусад хэмжэгдэхүүные тодорхойлодог. Жэшээлбэл: үнсэг [[хурдан]], тодорхой хугасаанда хэжэ бай эргэлтын тоогоор тодорхойлогдодог. Саг хугасаанай үйлэдэлэй тодорхойлолто, шудалжа хэмжэжэ бай саг хугасаае тодорхой стандартаар тогтооһон өөр нэгэ дабтамжатай саг хугасаагаар хэмжэхэ шаардалга гараһан ба эндэһээ “секундые” хэрэглэхэ болоо. Энэ нэгэжэнь шэнжэлхэ ухаанай шудалгаа шэнжэлгээ болон үдэр тутамай амидаралда маша үргэн хэрэглэгдэдэг. Саг хугасаанай үйлэдэлэй тодорхойлолтонь тооложо хэмжэжэ болодоггүй саг хугасаа гэжэ нэрэлэгдэдэг зүйл гэһэн ойлголтые халажа энэ бол урдан үнгэрдэг, тооложо хэмжэжэ болодог зүйл гэһэн ойлголтые бии болгоһон. Оршолон юртэмсын үргэлжэлһэн саг хугасаанай шудалгаа шэнжэлгээнь саг хугасаан доторхи оронзайн талаархи асуудалые гаргажа ерэһэн ба энэ асуултань [[байгаалиин шэнжэлхэ ухаан]]ай шэглэлые шудалжа бай оюутадай һуури ажал болодог байна.

Саг хугасаанай хэмжэлтые эрдэмтэд болон [[технологи]]ин туһаламжатай тодорхойлжо [[навигаци]] болон [[одон орон шудалал]] ухаанай һуури болоһон. Мүсэлигтэ үйлэ ябадалнууд болон хүдэлөөниинь саг хугасаанай стандарт нэгэжэ байдалаар хэрэглэгдэжэ ерэһэн. Жэшээлбэл: тэнгэри дэхи [[наран]]ай хүдэлөөн, [[һара|һарын]] байрлалга хэлбэри, дүүжин һабалуурын һаблалта мүн зүрхэнэй сохилто зэрэг. Оршон үедэ олон уласай сагай нэгэжэнь “секунда” юм. Секундань [[цези]]ин [[атом]]ай [[сасарал|сасаруулха]] сасарагай үргэлжэлхэ хугасаанаар тодорхойлогдодог. Саг хугасаа мүн [[ниигэм]]дэ ехээхэнаша холбогдолтой, ''“саг бол [[алтан]]”'' гэһэн зүйр үгэнь үдэр [[хоног]]ой үргэлжэлхэ хугасаа хизгаартай, [[хүмүүн]]эй [[амидарал|амидарха]] хугасаашье мүн хизгаартай гэдэгые анхааруулжа байдаг.

== Мүн үзэхэ ==
{{commonscat|time}}
* [[Жэл]]

== Зүүлтэ ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

{{1000 үгүүлэл}}

[[Категори:Саг]]